Electrical Voice

July 20, 2017

Download GATE (Electrical) Previous Year Question Papers PDF [1991-2017]

Haroon Rehman July 20, 2017 0

Why don't we use copper wire as a fuse wire?

Electrical Knowledge

Haroon Rehman July 20, 2017 0

Why don't we use copper wire as a fuse wire

Fuse is a Safety device which protects an electrical device from fault. Whenever there is a fault, a short circuit current will flow that leads to the generation of high heat. This heat will damage the electrical appliance if the circuit does not open in time. So a fuse is placed in the circuit that will melt and cut the circuit from the source in case of high temperature which is generated due to faults in the circuit. Fuse is basically a piece of wire of a material with a low melting point. When a high current flows through the circuit due to Overloading or a Short circuit, the wires get heated and melts. As a result, the circuit is broken and current stops flowing.

On the other hand, copper wire cannot be used as a fuse wire because it has a high melting point(1094 deg C approx). Copper will not melt easily when a high electric current passes through it and may damage the electrical appliances.

Here are some points regarding fuse wire material that you should understand.

Fuse element will not melt or heated during normal rated current.
Fuse element with the lower melting point is used i.e. an alloy of copper, tin etc.

Parametric and Non-Parametric Models

Identification & Estimation

Haroon Rehman July 18, 2017 0

In this article, we will learn the basic difference between Parametric and Non-Parametric Models

Parametric Models

It represents the relation between input and output by means of equations.
It contains the finite number of explicit parameters.
Model coefficients are not known exactly.
White box models are the parametric models.
For example: differential equations in mathematical model.

Non-Parametric Models

It represents the relation between input and output by means of a table or curve.
It does not exhibit a certain structure.
Model coefficients are more precise for the given system within operating limits.
It has infinite dimensions.
Black box models are the non-parametric models.
For example: impulse response, step response, frequency response, etc.

Factors limiting Identification

Identification & Estimation

Haroon Rehman July 18, 2017 0

Factors limiting Identification

Available measurement time is always limited.
The maximum allowable change of input signal is always limited.
The maximum allowable change in the output may also be limited.
Linearity assumption may be valid only for small region of operation.
Disturbance signal having different components.example- deterministic, stochastic or completely unknown.

Types of Identification

Identification & Estimation

Haroon Rehman July 18, 2017 0

There are 3 types of Identification

Deterministic Identification
Stochastic Identification
Complete system Identification

1. Deterministic Identification

The process noise v(t) is absent and measurement noise w(t) is present. We estimate system output y(t). Find relation between input u(t) and output y(t). Measurement of input u(t) and measured output z(t) are given.

2. Stochastic Identification

The process noise v(t) and measurement noise w(t) are present. Find relation between w(t) and system output y(t). Measurement of input u(t), measured output z(t) and statistical information about w(t) are given.

3. Complete system Identification

Measurement of input u(t) and measured output z(t) are given. Estimate both stochastic and deterministic components of the model.

Download AMU M.Tech(Electrical) First Semester Previous Year Question Papers

Question Papers

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MEMS Optical Switch Working & Applications

Microactuators

Haroon Rehman July 17, 2017 0

Mems optical switches from Mohd Nazir Shakeel

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July 20, 2017

Download GATE (Electrical) Previous Year Question Papers PDF [1991-2017]

Why don't we use copper wire as a fuse wire?

July 18, 2017

Parametric and Non-Parametric Models

Factors limiting Identification

Types of Identification

Download AMU M.Tech(Electrical) First Semester Previous Year Question Papers

July 17, 2017

MEMS Optical Switch Working & Applications

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